How to write an essay step by step

How to Write an Essay at University Level (UK) – Get High Marks!

Disclosure: The Graduate Samaritan is a free independent blog supported by its readers; this post may contain affiliate links that may earn a tiny commission to help the blog sustain itself, thank you for supporting this independent blog! (full disclaimer here)

If you’re seeking guidance on how to write a university-level essay, The UK Graduate Samaritan is here to help!

In this step-by-step guide, we’ll walk you through the full essay-writing process — from research and planning to writing and submission — with clear advice that will genuinely improve your marks.

Breaking the essay-writing process into manageable steps is a vital skill for your university studies, particularly during high-pressure coursework seasons when you have multiple assignments to submit.

Why You Should Focus on Getting High Marks on Your Essay

Achieving high marks in your assignments is one of the most effective ways to secure your desired degree classification — whether you’re aiming for a First, a 2:1, or simply trying to pass a challenging module.

Unlike exams, where performance can be influenced by factors beyond your control (like nerves or fatigue), essays give you the opportunity to showcase your knowledge in a calm, structured way.

You have time to plan, write, revise, and perfect your work before submission. Basically, you have full control over the quality of what you submit. And with university assessments becoming increasingly essay-heavy, mastering this skill is more important than ever.

We strongly believe that learning how to write a high-impact essay isn’t just about good writing — it’s about strategy, structure, and clear thinking. Let’s get started.

Step 1: Essay Research – Gathering Data and Collecting Evidence

Many students dive into writing too early and get stuck halfway. Strong essays are built on strong research.

🎯 Understand the Essay Question
Break down what the question is really asking. Look for keywords like “evaluate,” “analyse,” or “compare” — these determine the kind of argument you need to make.

💬 Ask for Clarification
If the question or topic feels vague or confusing, don’t struggle in silence. Lecturers are there to help, and asking can save you hours of wasted work.

📥 Download and Catalogue Evidence
Use reliable academic sources like Google Scholar, JSTOR, or your university library database. Save each file with clear names so you can easily find what you need later.

🗒️ Take Notes as You Go
While reading, jot down points, quotes, and ideas — even if they seem random at the time. These can form the backbone of your argument later on.

Organise Your Sources
Create a dedicated folder for each essay and use subfolders or colour-coded tags to separate readings by theme, method, or argument.

📚 Use a Citation Manager
Tools like Zotero, EndNote or Mendeley can help you keep track of references, generate citations, and avoid last-minute formatting stress.

Did you know? 📝 We’ve put together tailored student essential lists covering every aspect of Uni Life!

Step 2: Planning and Structuring Your Essay

With your research complete, it’s time to plan. Great essays are structured clearly — no rambling, no repetition.

🔹 Introduction

Start strong. Your introduction should:

  • Outline the essay’s aim
    Briefly state what your essay will explore or argue. Think of it like telling the reader what journey they’re about to go on.
  • Mention key themes or approaches
    Highlight the main areas you’ll focus on — for example, specific theories, case studies, or perspectives.
  • Briefly explain how the essay is structured
    Let the reader know what to expect in each section. This adds clarity and helps your essay feel more cohesive.

📌 Pro Tip:
Don’t try to answer the full question in your intro. That’s what the main body is for — keep this part focused and to the point. Moreover, many students find it easier to write the introduction as the last step.

🔹 Main Body

This is where the magic happens. Each paragraph should:

  • Begin with a clear topic sentence
    Start each paragraph by introducing its main point. This helps the reader follow your argument.
  • Include evidence (quotes, data, citations)
    Back up your points with solid references. This shows you’ve done your research and can support your claims.
  • Explain how the evidence supports your argument
    Don’t just drop quotes in — always connect them to your main point so the reader understands why they matter.

🧠 Refer back to the essay question
Every few paragraphs, pause and ask: “Is this still helping me answer the question?” This keeps your writing focused.

📝 Define technical terms clearly
Even if they seem obvious to you, define key terms the first time you use them. It shows academic awareness and avoids confusion.

🔗 Create Paragraph Flow
Use linking phrases like “In contrast…”, “Furthermore…”, or “This leads to…” to keep your argument progressing smoothly.

🔹 Conclusion

The conclusion isn’t just a summary — it’s your chance to make an impact.

  • Revisit the question
    Start your conclusion by reminding the reader what question you set out to answer.
  • Summarise your argument
    Bring together your key points in a clear, concise summary. This reinforces your case without repeating everything word-for-word.
  • Highlight any limitations or areas for further research
    Show critical thinking by reflecting on what your essay didn’t cover or where future studies could go.

💡 Critical Thinking Tips:

  • Were your sources or methods limited in any way? Say how.
  • Did the word count prevent deeper analysis? Mention it briefly.
  • Did your research lead to other interesting questions? Suggest them for future exploration.

🎒Looking for a Comfy & Stylish Backpack for Uni? Check out our list of top backpacks for uni students!

Step 3: Final Review – Proofreading, Editing, and Submission

Never submit your first draft. Here’s what to do:

🔍 Proofread Aloud
Reading your essay out loud helps catch grammar errors, awkward phrasing, and clunky sentences.

✂️ Simplify Sentences
Clear writing always wins. If a sentence is hard to follow, break it into smaller parts or rephrase it entirely.

Check References
Use the correct citation style (e.g. Harvard, APA) and double-check every source. Poor referencing can cost easy marks.

📄 Meet Submission Requirements
Follow formatting rules, include your student number and module title, and make sure you’ve uploaded everything correctly.

🎯 Final Tip:
Ask yourself: “If I were marking this, would it feel complete and focused?” If the answer is yes — you’re good to go.

Recommended Books to improve Academic Writing (UK-focused)

If you are particularly struggling with academic writing, below you can find some recommended study guides that will help you write better essays and improve your grades.

Depending on your needs, some of those are generic whereas others are designed for specific aspects of academic writing. (p.n. all links to Amazon UK)

📚 Many are available as audiobooks — perfect for revising on the go. Tip: you can get a free audiobook of your choice with the Audible 30-day free trial!

🎧 Audible Free Trial – The Ultimate Study Hack!

  • 📚 Listen to Textbooks & Study Guides anytime, anywhere.
  • 🧠 Boost Focus with expert knowledge and productivity books.
  • 🎧 Relax & Unwind with bestselling audiobooks after classes.
  • 🔥 1 Free Audiobook Every Month with your membership!
Start Your 30-Day Free Trial 🚀

FAQs – How to Write an Essay

How long should a university essay be?

Check your course handbook. Most essays range from 1,500 to 3,000 words, but always follow your specific brief.

Should I use first-person (“I”) in academic writing?

It depends on the subject. Social sciences often allow it. STEM subjects usually prefer passive voice. Always check your department’s guidelines.

How many sources should I use in a 2,000-word essay?

Aim for 10–15 academic sources. Quality is more important than quantity — but under-referencing can hurt your mark.

What’s the best way to start an essay?

Don’t start writing right away. Begin by planning your structure and writing a rough outline.

Can I use AI tools to help write essays?

You can use AI to brainstorm or check grammar — but copying AI-generated content is plagiarism. Use tools responsibly.

How do I improve my academic tone?

Avoid slang, contractions (use “cannot” instead of “can’t”), and overly emotional language. Academic writing should be clear, objective, and evidence-based.

What should I do if I get writer’s block?

Step away for a bit. Go for a walk or talk your ideas out loud. Often, clarity comes when you least expect it.

Should I use headings and subheadings in essays?

It depends on the style guide you’re using. In some disciplines, subheadings are encouraged for clarity; in others, they’re avoided. Check your tutor’s expectations.

Is a table of contents necessary?

Usually not for short essays, but if you’re writing a long assignment or dissertation, adding one improves readability and scores structure points.

How to Write an Essay at University Level – Conclusions

Essay writing can be overwhelming — especially with deadlines piling up. But with a strategic approach, anyone can learn how to write a powerful, persuasive essay.

In this post we split the essay writing process in 3 main phases:

  • Research, data and evidence collection;
  • Structure, from the introduction to the conclusions;
  • Editing, proofreading and submission.

Ideally, you should aim at getting very high marks on your written assignments as those will count for your final course/degree grade.

Hopefully, this post will help you improve your marks and lead you to better feedback and overall grades.

If you’re also struggling with exam revision, check out our step-by-step guide to revising for exam effectively.

Good luck — and happy writing! ✍️

🎓 University Essentials – Everything You Need for Uni

Did you know? We’ve put together tailored student essential lists to help you through every aspect of university life!

(Bonus paragraph) The Best Student Discount! 💸

Want to save money and enjoy exclusive perks? Unlock big savings with Amazon Prime Student, you can get 6 months FREE—and that’s just the beginning! Here’s what you’ll get with your free trial:

  • 🚚 Free Next-Day Delivery on all your essentials—because who doesn’t love fast shipping?
  • 🎬 Amazon Prime Video: Stream the latest films, TV shows, documentaries, and even live sports events.
  • 🎶 Prime Music: Listen to ad-free music, playlists, and podcasts to stay focused while studying.
  • 🎓 Student-Exclusive Offers: Get discounts on uni essentials, textbooks, and more.

And, if you love it (which you will), you can keep your Prime membership at half price until you graduate! 🎓

Ready to start? Follow this quick step-by-step guide to set up your Amazon Prime Student account:

  1. Visit the official Amazon Prime Student, landing page.
  2. Click on “Start Your 6-Month Trial” and then hit “Try Prime Student”.
  3. Sign in if you already have an account, or create one quickly.
  4. Enter your university email address (ending with .ac.uk).
  5. Provide your expected graduation year.
  6. Add your payment details (don’t worry, the first 6 months are totally FREE!).
  7. Verify your email (Amazon will send a confirmation to your uni address).
  8. Enjoy your Prime perks!

Don’t miss out on these incredible benefits—sign up today and get your free 6 months of Amazon Prime Student now!


Comments

One response to “How to Write an Essay at University Level (UK) – Get High Marks!”

  1. […] went through how to write an essay step-by-step in a separate post, you might find it […]